Multiple myeloma: bone pain, anemia, kidney issues, and key tests like SPEP, light chains, and bone marrow.
- Typical features: bone pain, fractures, anemia, infections, kidney injury and high calcium.
- Diagnosis uses protein studies (SPEP/UPEP, free light chains) plus bone marrow exam.
- Treatment often includes targeted therapy + steroids; transplant may be an option for eligible patients.
Multiple myeloma is a cancer of plasma cells in the bone marrow. These abnormal cells can weaken bones and reduce normal blood cell production.
Doctors look for anemia, bone lesions, kidney problems, and abnormal proteins in blood/urine. Patients may present with back pain, repeated infections, or fatigue.
Treatment usually combines medicines that target myeloma cells, along with supportive care for bones and kidneys. In suitable patients, stem cell transplant can improve long-term control.