Thalassemia: inherited anemia (trait to major), transfusions, iron overload and chelation.
- Thalassemia is inherited; severity ranges from carrier (trait) to transfusion-dependent thalassemia major.
- Diagnosis is confirmed with CBC and hemoglobin electrophoresis (and sometimes genetic testing).
- Treatment may include regular transfusions and iron chelation to prevent iron overload.
Thalassemia happens when the body cannot produce normal hemoglobin chains. In mild forms (trait), patients may have mild anemia and often do not need treatment but should receive genetic counseling.
In severe forms (thalassemia major), children can develop severe anemia, delayed growth and bone changes. Regular transfusions keep hemoglobin at safer levels and improve daily functioning.
Repeated transfusions cause iron overload, which can damage the heart and liver. Iron chelation medicines and routine monitoring (ferritin, heart/liver checks) help prevent long-term complications.